Posts Tagged ‘tax’

The Truth About Frivolous Tax Arguments

Wednesday, February 10th, 2010 by Moore McLaughlin

Don't go to jailThe IRS has issued a detailed, 80-page document discussing and rebutting many of the more common frivolous arguments made by individuals and groups that oppose compliance with federal tax laws. An accompanying news release reminds taxpayers that the penalty for frivolous tax returns is $5,000, and applies when a person submits a tax return or other specified submission, and any portion of the submission is based on a position that IRS identifies as frivolous. The tax attorneys at McLaughlin & Quinn, LLC frequently see taxpayers try to raise these arguments.  Partners Moore McLaughlin, Esq., CPA and Thomas P. Quinn, Esq. generally convince them to be realistic and deal with the IRS in a forthright manner.

The IRS’s “The Truth About Frivolous Tax Arguments” responds to some of the more common frivolous “legal” arguments about the federal tax system. Each contention is briefly explained, followed by a discussion of the legal authority that rejects the contention.

The document covers these broad categories of frivolous arguments: 

  • Various contentions that: the federal income tax system is voluntary; terms in the Code such as taxable income, gross income and “the taxpayer” are improperly defined; and payment of taxes is unconstitutional. Other arguments in the category have fictional legal bases, for example, that IRS is not an agency of the U.S., or that taxpayers are entitled to the refund of social security taxes paid over their lifetime. 

 

  • Frivolous arguments in collection due process cases, including various contentions that assessments are invalid, or that the statutory notice of deficiency, notice of federal tax lien or statutory notice and demand is invalid.

 

  • Contentions that the Tax Court is not authorized to decide legal issues, or that IRS personnel do not have the authority to seize property in satisfaction of unpaid taxes, or that IRS employees lack credentials.

 

A final section of the IRS’s frivolous tax arguments document explains in detail the penalties that courts may impose on those who pursue tax cases on frivolous grounds, and cites scores of cases rejecting various frivolous arguments and imposing penalties.

For a copy of this complete report, contact Moore McLaughlin, Esq., CPA by e-mail at mmclaughlin@mclaughlinquinn.com.

If you or someone you know owes taxes and needs help dealing with the IRS or state taxing authority, please contact Thomas P. Quinn, Esq. by e-mail at tquinn@mclaughlinquinn.com or Moore McLaughlin, Esq., CPA by e-mail at mmclaughlin@mclaughlinquinn.com or either of them by phone at 401-421-5115.

IRS Commissioner Doesn’t Prepare His Own taxes - Too Complicated

Sunday, January 24th, 2010 by Moore McLaughlin

Douglas ShulmanThe Commissioner of the IRS, Douglas Shulman, recently admitted that the tax code is too complex for even the commissioner of the IRS.  Click here for full story.  I have long been a proponent of the flat tax as a way to ensure a higher degree of compliance.  The tax attorneys at McLaughlin & Quinn, LLC represent taxpayers before the IRS and state taxing authorities on a daily basis.  Many times, any errors that are found come from an honest misunderstanding of the tax code.  Often, the IRS proposes changes based on uncertain areas of the law, where no one is really sure what the right answer is.

Until Congress decides to stop its social engineering experiments, and picking winners (homeowners, ethanol) and losers (renters), Tom, Frank and I will have plenty of work.  In my opinion, the tax code should be used solely for raising revenue, not for dictating to people how to live their lives.

In the meantime, taxpayers, such as the IRS Commissioner, will have to rely on paid professionals.

End-of-Year Tax Planning Considerations

Sunday, November 29th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

As the New Year approaches, taxpayers around the nation are thinking about making gifts or other financial moves before January 1 that will benefit them come April 15, 2010. Jill E. Sugarman, Esq. and I are providing some year-end considerations of particular interest to seniors.

Year-End Tax Planning for Seniors

Year-End Tax Planning for Seniors

A Reprieve on RMDs

Last year, as the stock market plunged and the economy teetered on the brink, Congress suspended the penalty for seniors who fail to take the required minimum distribution (RMD) from their IRA and employer retirement accounts in 2009.

There is normally a penalty for failure to withdraw once the account owner reaches retirement age — after age 70 1/2. Taxpayers generally must begin taking annual distributions from their retirement accounts by the April 1 occurring after they reach age 70 1/2 or pay a whopping 50 percent excise tax on the amount that should have been distributed but was not. To prevent seniors from being forced to sell stocks in a down market, Congress suspended the required minimum distribution rule for 2009.

If you turned age 70 1/2 before 2009, you would normally be required to take your 2009 distribution by December 31, 2009. If you turned or will turn age 70 1/2 in 2009, you would normally be required to take your required distribution no later than April 1, 2010. In either case, you will not need to take this distribution. The new law also waives 2009 distributions for beneficiaries of inherited IRAs and employer retirement accounts. However, taxpayers still must take their 2010 distributions no later than December 31, 2010.

Gift Threshold Now $13,000

The amount that may be gifted each year to any one person without the need to file a gift tax return rose from $12,000 to $13,000 on January 1, 2009. The increase to $13,000 means that more can be given away for estate tax planning purposes. For example, a married couple with four children will be able to give away up to $104,000 in 2009 with no gift tax implications.

Charitable Donations From an IRA Not Taxable

As part of the large financial rescue package, Congress retroactively extended the IRA charitable rollover provision from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009. This reinstates the rollover exemption that was part of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.

Previously, those wishing to make charitable donations using money in their IRA accounts were required to withdraw funds from their IRA and pay income tax on the withdrawal before they could take a charitable donation deduction on their annual tax returns. But under the new law, so long as the donation is transferred directly from a traditional or Roth IRA or rollover IRA account to an eligible public charity, the donor doesn’t have to pay any income tax on the withdrawal at all. As far as the federal government is concerned, money donated to the charity simply is not income. (But note that the transfer is no longer eligible for the charitable tax deduction, either.)  For details and restrictions, consult your CPA or financial advisor.

Rollover Retirement Distributions

Those 70 1/2 or older who took a distribution from a retirement plan or IRA earlier in the year may be able to avoid tax on the payout by rolling it over into an eligible retirement plan (including an IRA) before December 1, 2009.

Retirement Contributions

A great way to reduce taxable income is to contribute funds to an IRA or to your 401(k) through work. In addition, the income on assets in the IRA or qualified plan are deferred until the withdrawal is made. The contribution limits for traditional and Roth IRAs remain the same for 2009 as in 2008: $5,000 for a single person and $10,000 for a couple, or $6,000 for a single person if over 50 and $12,000 if both spouses are over 50 and married. If you are self-employed, the contribution limite for a SEP-IRA or a simple IRA is $49,000 per year. Keep in mind that there are limitations on the contributions that may be made based on income and other specific data.

Take Advantage of Losses

Even though the market has posted gains since the dark days of last March, many investors still have long-term capital losses on investments held longer than one year. You can deduct up to $3,000 of these losses a year against ordinary income, with the excess carried forward for use in future years.

If you have questions about how to take advantage of tax-saving opportunities before year’s end, be sure to consult one of the attorneys at McLaughlin &Quinn, LLC or your CPA or financial advisor.

IRS Releases New Estate Tax Return But Is Silent on 2010 repeal

Wednesday, October 7th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

IRS has released a revised Form 706 for use by estates of decedents dying after December 31, 2008 and before January 1, 2010.  Changes reflected in the revision include some law and indexing changes. The revision makes no mention of next year’s scheduled repeal of the estate tax.IRS Form 706

Items reflected on the revised form. The instructions stress that this revision is to be used only for decedents dying in calendar year 2009. They also note these changes:

  • The applicable exclusion amount for estates of decedents dying in calendar year 2009 is $3.5 million.
  • Various dollar amounts and limitations relevant to Form 706 are indexed for inflation. For decedents dying in 2009, the following amounts have increased: (a) the ceiling on special-use valuation is $1 million; and (b) the amount used in computing the 2% portion of estate tax payable in installments is $1.33 million. IRS says it will publish amounts for future years in an annual revenue procedure.

Reminder. The instructions also point out that, in 2008, IRS added a worksheet to help executors figure how much of the estate tax may be paid in installments under Code Sec. 6166.

Which estates must file. For decedents dying in 2009, Form 706 must be filed by the executor for the estate of every U.S. citizen or resident whose gross estate, plus adjusted taxable gifts and specific exemption, is more than $3.5 million.
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Preparing for more permissive IRA-to-Roth-IRA conversion rules in 2010

Wednesday, August 12th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

2010 will be a pivotal one for retirement planning, as it will be the first year in which taxpayers will be able to convert funds in regular IRAs (as well as qualified plan funds) to Roth IRAs regardless of their income level. The tax attorneys at McLaughlin & Quinn, LLC are currently advising clients and CPAs on these new rules.  This new conversion option poses significant tax planning challenges and opportunities for 2009, 2010 and 2011. The following takes a look at the new conversion option, and explains how to prepare for it.

Conversions to Roth IRAs. For 2009, taxpayers (other than married persons filing separately) with modified adjusted gross income (AGI) of $100,000 or less may convert IRA-to-Roth Conversionamounts in a traditional IRA to amounts in a Roth IRA. Amounts from a SEP-IRA or a SIMPLE IRA also may be converted to a Roth IRA, but a conversion from a SIMPLE IRA may be made only after the 2-year period beginning on the date on which the taxpayer first participated in any SIMPLE IRA maintained by the taxpayer’s employer.

For purposes of conversions to Roth IRAs, AGI is defined as it is for traditional IRA purposes except that it does not include income resulting from the conversion from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. AGI-for purposes of determining conversion eligibility only-does not include any required minimum distribution from an IRA under Code Sec. 408(a)(6) and Code Sec. 408(b)(3).

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Rhode Island Budget Bill Eliminates Favorable Treatment of Capital Gains

Thursday, July 9th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

In Rhode Island’s state budget bill for fiscal year 2010, signed by Governor Donald L. Carcieri on June 30, 2009, the lower capital gains rate is eliminated for personal income tax RI Capital Gains Tax Ratepurposes.  For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2010 capital gains will be treated as ordinary income.  As a result, some capital gains in Rhode Island that could have been taxed at rates as low as 1.67% will now be taxed at rates up to 9.9%.

Click here for Providence Journal article.

At the new higher rates, 1031 exchanges and other tax-deferral techniques will see a rebound in popularity.  For more information on 1031 exchanges, visit the All States 1031 Exchange Facilitator, LLC website by clicking here.

Where Does Your State Rank for Corporate Taxes?

Monday, May 18th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

The 2009 CFO Magazine State Tax Survey, conducted with KPMG, has just been released, and the results, while in some cases cfo3very predictable, are still enlightening.  According to the article in the May 2009 issue of CFO Magazine, “more than 40 states are facing budget shortfalls, and as many as ten expect fiscal 2010 revenues to lag expenses by more than 20%.”  Click here for the full article.

Self-Directed IRAs

Saturday, May 16th, 2009 by Moore McLaughlin

irafotolia_1775827_m_20204751_stdI recently attended a seminar sponsored by PENSCO, one of the leaders in self-directed IRA custodians. I was amazed at how many ways self-directed IRAs are being used. I knew about direct real estate investments and direct loans, but self-directed IRAs are being used for so much more.

A self-directed IRA is merely an IRA with the ability to invest in any types of qualified investment. Most IRAs have restrictions on the types of investments that are allowed. These restrictions are in place because the custodian of the IRA, for a variety of reasons, does not want to allow these alternative investments, even though the law clearly allows them.

The only restriction on the type of investment found in the law is that an IRA cannot invest in collectibles, life insurance or own stock of an S corporation. Other than that, it is wide open. People are investing in LLCs that buy leveraged real estate, run start-up companies and buy tax lien certificates.

Care must be taken to avoid so-called prohibited transactions and dealings with disqualified persons, but if these can be avoided, investors can realized enormous returns on thier investments, on an after-tax basis.

I will be writing more about self-directed IRAs in the near future in an attempt to spread the word. Like with 1031 exchanges a few years ago, a signficant number of professionals and investors are still not aware of this very powerful tool.